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【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【市場(chǎng)部】    楊永漢

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【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創(chuàng)新基地番禺石樓鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)啟路63號(hào)二期2幢101-103室

實(shí)驗(yàn)原理
核型（karyotype）一詞在20世紀(jì)20年代首先由蘇聯(lián)學(xué)者T. A. Levzky等人提出。核型分析的發(fā)展有三項(xiàng)技術(shù)起了很重要的促進(jìn)作用，一是1952年美籍華人細(xì)胞學(xué)家徐道覺發(fā)現(xiàn)的低滲處理技術(shù)，使中期細(xì)胞的染色體分散良好，便于觀察；二是秋水仙素的應(yīng)用便于富集中期細(xì)胞分裂相；三是植物凝集素（PHA）刺激血淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化、分裂，使以血培養(yǎng)方法觀察動(dòng)物及人的染色體成為可能。
核型是指染色體組在有絲分裂中期的表型，包括染色體數(shù)目、大小、形態(tài)特征等。核型分析是對(duì)染色體進(jìn)行測(cè)量計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行分組、排隊(duì)、配對(duì)并進(jìn)行形態(tài)分析的過程。核型分析對(duì)于探討人類遺傳病的機(jī)制、物種親緣關(guān)系與進(jìn)化、遠(yuǎn)緣流感的鑒定等都有重要意義。將一個(gè)染色體組的全部染色體逐個(gè)按其特征描繪下來，再按長(zhǎng)短、形態(tài)等特征排列起來的圖像稱為核型模式圖，它代表一個(gè)物種的核型模式。
1960年，丹佛會(huì)議上，提出了人類有絲分裂染色體命名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體制草案，為以后的所有命名方法奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1963年，倫敦會(huì)議上，正式批準(zhǔn)Patan 提出的A、B、C、D、E、F、G七個(gè)字母表示七組染色體的分類法。1966年，芝加哥會(huì)議上，提出人類染色體組和畸變速記符號(hào)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)命名體制。

Experimental principle
The karyotype was first proposed in the 1920s by Soviet scholar T. A. Levzky et al. The development of karyotyping has played a very important role in promoting the development of three technologies. One is the hypotonic treatment technology discovered by the Chinese-American cytologist Xu Dajue in 1952, which makes the metaphase cell chromosomes well dispersed and easy to observe. Second, colchicine The application of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates the transformation and division of blood lymphocytes, making it possible to observe the chromosomes of animals and humans by blood culture methods.
Karyotype refers to the phenotype of the genome in the mitotic metaphase, including the number of chromosomes, size, morphological characteristics. Karyotype analysis is the process of grouping, queuing, pairing and morphological analysis based on the measurement and calculation of chromosomes. Karyotyping is of great importance to explore the mechanism of human genetic diseases, the relationship and evolution of species and the identification of distant flu. An image of all chromosomes of a genomic group, which are characterized by their characteristics one by one, and then arranged according to the features such as the length, the shape and the like, is called a karyotype pattern and represents the karyotype pattern of a species.
In 1960, at the Denver meeting, a draft standard system for naming human mitosis chromosomes was put forward, laying the foundation for all future naming methods. In 1963, at the London meeting, Patan put forward the seven-letter classification of chromosomes A, B, C, D, E, F and G. At the Chicago conference in 1966, a standard naming system for the human genome and aberration shorthand notation was proposed.